15 Terms for Forms and Types of Governance

15 Terms for Forms and Types of Governance 15 Terms for Forms and Types of Governance 15 Terms for Forms and Types of Governance By Mark Nichol Is the United States a democracy, or a republic? (Both.) What’s the difference between an autocracy and a dictatorship? (There is none.) These and other questions of usage are answered with definitions and connotations of terms referring to forms and philosophies of government listed below: 1. Anarchy: Anarchy is from the Greek word meaning â€Å"no rule† and refers to a society without government. Because this is an impractical if not impossible condition, it is generally used in a looser sense of chaos. 2. Authoritarian: Less a form of government than a description, this term connotes an oppressive form of rule in which citizens’ rights are restricted, putatively for the society’s security and stability. A single head of state often dominates a country with authoritarian rule, but it’s likely that more than one person has significant power. 3. Autocracy: An autocracy (from the Greek words for â€Å"self† and â€Å"rule† but referring not to self-determination but to â€Å"one who rules by himself†) is a government led by one person with dictatorial power. 4. Cabal: Ultimately derived from the Hebrew word adopted for the name of the mystical Kabbalah philosophy of Judaism, cabal refers not to a form of government but to the machinations of an insurrectionary group, or to the group itself. (By extension, it can refer to any group outside of the political realm.) The term, thanks to its frequent use by conspiracy theorists, has an unfortunate association with paranoid delusions about secret societies and behind-the-scenes manipulation of government affairs. 5. Dictatorship: This term, stemming from the Latin word meaning â€Å"to declare† and originally a reference to a temporary emergency government established by the Roman Senate, now refers to an autocratic rule by one or more people. The word has a negative connotation and is rarely or ever used by such a government. 6. Federation: A federation (the word is from the Latin term for â€Å"compact† or â€Å"league† and ultimately derived from the word for â€Å"trust†) is a form of government in which subordinate jurisdictions such as states or provinces reserve some sovereignty and/or rights under a national government. (A related term, confederation, implies a more loosely allied group of sovereign states.) 7. Junta: This term also spelled junto and derived from the Spanish word for â€Å"joined,† refers to a postrevolutionary government and carries a sense of a tightly controlled government. 8. Democracy: In its literal sense, a democracy is, as its Greek etymology specifies, a rule of the people. In practice, however, the term is interchangeable with republic, in that it refers to a system of government in which the will of the people is carried out by elected representatives. 9. Monarchy: A monarchy (from the Greek term meaning â€Å"rule by one†) is a government led by a person usually selected by hereditary succession. However, the ruler’s authority may vary from nominal (a figurehead) to absolute (a despot). Most current monarchies are technically constitutional, or limited, monarchies, meaning that the ruler is subject to laws that protects citizens’ rights. 10. Oligarchy: No government is literally an oligarchy (the word is from the Greek term for â€Å"rule of the few†), but that description is used often to refer to the fact that a nation’s wealthiest people generally have an inordinate influence on governance because of their ties to elected officials. The implication is that a government so influenced is corrupt and predicated on the oligarchy’s self-interest. 11. Regime: The Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary definition of this term â€Å"lawful control over the affairs of a political unit† is oddly neutral, considering that the connotation is invariably of a repressive dictatorship. 12. Republic: A republic (the word is Latin for â€Å"public thing†) is a government whose authority is based on citizen voters represented by elected officials chosen in free elections, as opposed to a monarchy or a dictatorship. 13. Theocracy: A theocracy, from the Greek word meaning â€Å"rule of God,† refers to a government controlled by religious authorities. The connotation is that the government is repressive and intolerant of values that conflict with the dominant theology. 14. Totalitarian: Derived from the Italian word for â€Å"totality,† this word describes a dictatorial government. 15. Tyranny: Tyranny is a condition in which a nation is under the rule of a tyrant, who seized power illegally and governs with few or no checks and balances. The term was originally a neutral word meaning â€Å"monarchy,† but it acquired the connotation of â€Å"despot† and is by extension often employed to an overbearing authority figure such as a parent or a boss. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Beautiful and Ugly Words"Certified" and "Certificated"20 Names of Body Parts and Elements and Their Figurative Meanings

Should Funny Cat Videos Be Allowed on YouTube

Should Funny Cat Videos Be Allowed on YouTube It seems that every other minute on social media, you see some strange – but usually hilarious – animal video going viral. Dogs chasing their tale  turtles dancing to Lady Gaga, cats knocking down drinking glasses, shattering them. If there is an argument that videos like these be outlawed on YouTube, which is one of the most widely used video-sharing websites in the world, it’s a weak argument for sure. Unless it’s grotesque or offensive in nature, humorous cat videos should be allowed on YouTube. Allowing these videos to be seen seems to do no damage at all, and videos of this sort may even help people to some extent. To begin with, funny cat videos belong on YouTube because people love cats –  their cuteness, their movements, traits, and behaviors – so it’s logical for people to enjoy watching videos of them on this website. And if a website like YouTube was created for people to communicate, to share videos of common interests, as well as for people’s general enjoyment, it only makes sense for funny cat videos to be uploaded to the website. Surely not everyone loves cats and cat videos, but many people do – as seen in these kinds of videos going viral. There is a reason why so many of the videos going viral are videos that first are introduced on YouTub. Secondly, funny cat videos should also be allowed on YouTube for another reason: such kinds of videos benefit people. Yes, in the stressful, fast-paced, high-pressure society we live in, with high taxes, an even higher cost of living, it’s imperative that hard-working people find outlets for their stress. And better than alcohol or drugs, there is humor. The physical act of laughing sends naturally occurring endorphins and other happy-feeling neurotransmitters rushing through a person’s brain, in turn lessening stress and leaving a person feeling happier, healthier and more relaxed. When a person, for example, sees a video of a cat demanding their owner’s attention almost to the point of being aggressive, but in a comical way, the viewer tends to lighten up. Watching a video of a cat doing strange things, like jumping three feet in the air at the sight of a cucumber on the ground behind them, is just therapeutic. When it comes down to it, when one considers the b enefit of watching silly cat videos, there should be no doubt whatsoever that funny cat videos belong on YouTube.be. It is the appropriate place for such videos. It screams funny cat videos. Lastly, YouTube is just the place for silly cat videos; therefore, they should be allowed on the website. When comparing YouTube to other social media, especially professional networking websites like LinkedIn, one sees the frivolous nature of YouTube – and how it is meant to be silly and humorous and nonprofessional. That’s the entire point of YouTube: It does not have an air of pretentiousness about it, and it is traditionally not used to grow a business or to land a person a job; though this is sometimes the case. So, evidently, YouTube is the perfect place for silly cat videos – as well as other humorous videos that become a source of healthy escapism for people, and not just animal videos. To conclude this argument, consider the above points that demonstrate how humorous cat videos surely belong and should be allowed, on YouTube: people love cats and cat videos; cat videos make people laugh and smile, and people need that, and YouTube is meant for these kinds of videos. Any arguments challenging the allowance of funny cat videos on this widely used site are completely erroneous, fallible and one-sided. YouTube provides users with a service, and that service provides an escape, a way for people to release their pent-up, hostile, violent emotions that would otherwise distract them from living normal, fulfilling, happy lives.

Cross-Cultural Perspective - McDonald's Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cross-Cultural Perspective - McDonald's - Essay Example During recent years, the company faced severe competition the United States of America (considered to be the home market for the organization. This severe competition led the company to focus on revenue being gathered from international market. Internationally, fifty percent of the company’s retail outlets are franchised to local people of that particular market/country in which the company operates. Hence the main revenue generated is from Royalties, Rents, etc. McDonald’s has followed a brilliant strategy by focusing on the smallest of details within the international market. This includes McDonald’s focus towards social, religious and cross cultural issues that the company faces in all the different countries in which it operates. One of the major cultural issues that the company has faced over the years of its operation is the fact that it is hugely criticized for adversely affecting local customs of eating and lifestyle in the area in which it operates e.g. the replacement of traditional teahouses in Japan by American fast food franchises. The company has expanded so much that it can be found in more than 120 countries around the globe. Individuals find McDonald’s retail store very easily because of the increased number of retail stores within any particular city e.g. Rome has more than 33 McDonald’s retail stores and it is because of such reason that people may get tempted to try out the products offered by the restaurant because of abundant retail stores at every corner. People who might not be fond of such food may opt for it because of the cleanliness and the environment that the offer within their different restaurants. McDonald’s offers different products so as to suit the differing cultural and religious perspective e.g. Hamburgers are not offered in Muslim countries because of a Muslim religious restriction towards eating Pork. To cater to the demand of these Muslim customers, McDonald’s have setup o utlets which offer food termed as â€Å"Halal†. In India, the scenario is totally different, the country is known for its vegetarian eating habit and it is because of this reason that the Indian market is served with totally different products such as the sandwich known as the â€Å"McAloo Tikki† (sandwich with a fried breaded potato and pea’s patty). These cross cultural differences do not restrict themselves to product only, the website being created for the different countries too have cross-cultural aspects addressed in them. The company has to focus on many ethical issues in order to maintain their standard of being a global organization. The company has taken many steps in order to prove to the world that the organization’s social responsibility towards the environment is properly dealt with. McDonald’s has completed a comprehensive sustainable land management commitment in order to ensure that the sustainability of the organization’s supply chain is maintained and improved. The company clearly shows that it cares for its customers and its environment by acquiring their unprocessed or minimally processed raw materials from legal and sustainable managed sources. McDonald’s care for the environment can be easily witnessed from their packaging

Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 9

Accounting - Essay Example The company was started in 1939 and currently holds the 9th rank in the fortune 500 companies, as of 2009. The company has its headquarters in Palo Alto, Calif. The company’s total revenue as of July 2008 has been calculated to be whooping $113.1 billion. The company elected Mark Hurd as the CEO and President of the company on 29 March 2005. Since then Hurd has been working aggressively to ensure the company reaches higher levels of success. He has made a number of changes to the organization in terms of the culture, structure and the controls used. The main products of Hewlett Packard include Personal Computers, Laptops, Printers, Scanners and other utilities. The company also develops the software necessary for running its products such as the printers, scanners, webcams, etc (HP). The company’s code is HPQ in the NYSE. The company has moved up from the 14th position in the Fortune 500 to the 9th position. The company has seen a high level of increase in the revenue a nd earning, as much as 13% and 15% respectively. HP has been the leaders in core technology areas. The company has three main business groups, i.e. The personal Systems Group – deals with the business and consumer PCs and also with mobiles and computing devices, b) The Imaging and Printing Group – Deals with inkjet, LaserJet, supplies for printing, and many more and c) the Technology Solutions Group – which mainly deals with the business products like storage, servers and managed

The Meaning of Home (Tim Obrien, Joyce Carol Oates, Doris Lessing) Essay Example for Free

The Meaning of Home (Tim Obrien, Joyce Carol Oates, Doris Lessing) Essay By showing what home means for their characters, authors can render certain themes of the novel, demonstrate several different meanings of the word home, or, underscore significant aspects of the personality of the figure in question. In Doris Lessings novel The Fifth Child, the characters Harriet and Davids home represents their dream about the perfect family and the perfect life and by illustrating this to the reader Lessing reveals how they are committing hubris . Also, in the novel The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien, the character Norman Bowker returns home in order to gain understanding of his own feelings, and therefore home is more seen as a place for support and acceptation. Furthermore, in Joyce Carol Oates short story Stray Children, Charles Benedicts study and the nature of it reflects the characters personal qualities. Firstly, home can be seen as a dream of the future. In The Fifth Child, Harriet and David dream about the perfect family and life. They buy a house that is too big for them, wishing to fill it with smiling and happy children. On the other hand, they are experiencing economical hardships and are forced to borrow money from Davids father in order to cope with the situation they have put themselves in. Still, even though they have to have access to extra money in order to endure, they continue the get more and more children. It is mentioned how they believe that David would a higher salary some time soon and everything will work out. They, in a way, buy the house for what they wish it will represent in the future. Lessing conveys this by showing how Harriet and David take the money they receive for granted and promise their families that it will pay off in the long run. This concept of taking something for granted because they think that they are worth it can be seen as an act of hubris. Thus, by showing what home signify for Harriet and David Lessing underlines the theme of hubris. Secondly, home can also represent the characters essential needs. In The Things They Carried, Norman Bowker returns home from the warfront and the thing he requires the most from society and his family is understanding. He desperately needs to talk, but there is no one there who wants to listen to him. It revealed how he circles the lake in his home town and honks his horn to a few boys while he passed them, but how neither of them even looked up. This can be seen as a metaphor for how Bowker was trying to tell society about his experiences and emotions and how society did not even care to hear him out. The scene ends with him continuing to drive around the lake more than ten times and imagining how a conversation between his father and him about his wartime experiences would turn out. By not getting what he needed and therefore resorting to taking his own life, Bowker embodies the damage war can do to a soldier long after the war is over. OBrien shows how the idea of home represents our deepest and fundamental needs and that when those are not fulfilled we suffer. Thirdly, the characters idea of the perfect home can also reflect upon certain traits of this person. In Stray Children, Charles Benedict lives a successful, immaculate and steady life. These aspects of his life also characterise his study. It is rendered how Benedict always liked his study because it was always the same and unharmed. By mentioning the fact why he likes his room, Oates can highlight some important aspects of his personality. In sum, by showing what home means, authors can convey what the character dreams of and want, needs and can not live without, and, draw attention to certain personal qualities off the character. Rendering what home means can be significant in many different ways. In the first example, Lessing conveys the theme of hubris by showing Harriet and Davids dream and then contrasting it to their reality; they take the money they receive for granted since they think that they are worth it and therefore should have the money. Also, in the second case, OBrien renders how home may not always literally mean home as in the place where you live, but it can also stand for our basic needs. Moreover, in the third instance, Oates uses the meaning of home in order to stress certain features of the character in question. However, the meaning of home is not restricted to being just one thing. OBrien can also show how Bowker is a character who needs constant support and is too weak to handle the hardships himself by rendering how Bowker desperately needed comfort when he returned home. As in the case with Charles Benedict and his study, home can also be used to show how he thinks, how he wants the city to look like in his role as a city planner. Oates can therefore also deliver social criticism through illustrating the meaning of home; how Benedict wants everything to look perfect and therefore he plans the city without taking the living conditions of certain people into consideration. In addition, the first example with Harriet and David and their view of home can also help the reader characterise them as determined people with set goals in the future and perhaps somewhat inconsiderate of their future troubles that they may face by ignoring the problems they are already experiencing. Hence, home does not only mean one thing but the reader can often draw several significant pieces of information out from it.

Princess Diana Essay example -- essays research papers fc

Throughout Princess Diana’s lifetime she loved, cared, and helped others along the way. She had many accomplishments in life. Such as her children and her many organizations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lady Diana Frances Spencer was born on July 1, 1961 at Park House, a residence on the royal estate at Sandringham. She was the third of four children and the youngest daughter. Diana was born to her father Edward John Spencer Viscount Althorp and mother Frances Roche Spencer (King 27). Diana shared her home with two older sisters, Sarah and Jane and a younger brother Charles (Kantrowitz 40).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a child, first she was expected to go through a preparatory school. She attended Riddlesworth Hall an all girls boarding school. Then in 1974 she transferred from her preparatory school to West Heath. Three years later in 1977 she left West Heath to continue schooling at Institute Alpin Videmanette in Switzerland. After finishing schooling, Diana got a job working as a part time kindergarten teacher at the Young England School in Pimlico. On top of that, she also was a part time nanny who spent her time looking after a small child (â€Å"Diana† Internet).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On February 24, 1981 the engagement of Prince Charles and Lady Diana was announced (Delano 36). The couple later was married at St. Paul’s Cathedral in London on July 29, 1981. The wedding ceremony attracted global television and radio audiences. It was estimated that around one thousand million people watched or heard the wedding. In addition, thousands of people lined the route the royal carriage took to the cathedral. Diana was the first English woman in three hundred years to marry an heir to the British throne. Diana wore a silk dress designed by the Emanuels, which trailed a twenty-five foot train (â€Å"Diana† Internet).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A year later June 21, 1982 Prince William Arthur Phillip Louis was born at St. Mary’s Hospital. Two years later Charles and Diana’s second child, Harry Charles Albert David was born on Sept. 15, 1984 (Delano 36). As her children grew, they developed a love for winter sports especially skiing. They often took trips to the Alps (Donnelly 48).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After eleven years of marriage, the couple announced their separation on Dec. 9, 1992. Circumstances that led to the separation were Charles... ... center of an ornamental lake (â€Å"Diana† Internet).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diana touched the hearts of so many people. She did good for everyone, everywhere. She graced people with her presence. Her destiny was fulfilled in life by completing her â€Å"mission† to help everyone (Donnelly 89).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diana’s face was also the most valuable possession. It helped draw attention to the causes and issues she cared about worldwide, but this also caused Diana her life. Through her life the paparazzi never left her be or gave her the privacy and space she needed. She was rarely out of range from people’s cameras (Kantrowitz 40).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As it can be seen, Princess Diana led a very successful life. Although short, her life left an impression on the world that will never be forgotten. Works Cited Delano, Julia. Diana a Tribute. New York: Crescent, 1997 Diana, Princess of Wales. http://www.royal.gov.uk/family/diana.htm Donnelly, Peter. Diana: A Tribute to the People’s Princess. Philadelphia: Courage, 1997 Kantrowitz, Barbara. â€Å"The Woman We Loved.† Newsweek 8 Sept. 1997: 40. King, Norman. Two Royal Women. New York: Wynwood, 1989

Toronto Sun

| | | | | | | | INTRODUCTION This preliminary project scope statement defines the scope of The Toronto Sun Caribana Parade Project. The project deals with managing a major sponsorship event for the Toronto sun and its presence in the city’s annual caribana parade, on Aug 2, 2008 at 10:00AM. The main challenge is to make the company’s float a success. The Toronto sun earned its place in the parade as the primary media sponsor for the event. Pulling the company’s float from the biggest event in the city would mean gaining valuable marketing exposure. PRODUCT & PROJECT OBJECTIVESProject objective is to manage Toronto Sun’s involvement at the Caribana Festival before August 2, 2008 (within 40 days) which includes:- * Designing and deployment of a parade float (i. e. Flat Bed Truck, Pieces of Float, and Design) * Hiring of entertainment and production materials. * Recruitment and management of volunteers, truck drivers and entertainers. * Giveaways (i. e. volun teer Kits, Bright Color Designed T-Shirts, Mardi-Gras Necklaces, Sunscreen, water bottles, snack foods containing Granola Bars & Fruit, Whistles and Assorted Candies. Decorating the float with advertising banners and other aesthetic elements of parade day tasks on the day of parade. * Cost not to exceed $400 cash in addition to contra advertisements. * Importance to show Toronto Sun’s presence during the festival as a Major Sponsor providing the return on investment and contribution to overall business of Toronto sun. PRODUCT OR SERVICE REQUIREMENT AND CHARACTERSTICS Product Acceptance Criteria:- Project MUST be completed by Aug 02, 2008 on Parade Day. Cost Constraint which includes a budget of $400 only. Requirement of TRUCK Flat Bed on Aug 01, 2008 before 10:00AM.Safety Waiver Forms for all the participants MUST be signed before 09:30AM on Aug 02, 2008. Driver of Truck should be at the venue at parade day sharp 09:00AM for 8hrs. Sign IN of float by FMC by on parade day. PRO JECT BOUNDARIES * Time Constraint The project has to be completed on and before 10:00AM Aug 02, 2008. * Scope Constraint The project has many deliverables dependent on many stakeholders (internal & external). * Cost Constraint Cost not to be exceeded by $400 cash and contra advertisements only. PROJECT REQUIREMENTS & DELIVERABLES S. No. | DELIVERABLE| REQUIREMENT| | Float| Design & Assembly of Float| 2| Banners| Color & Placement of Banners on Float| 3| Truck Driver| Must be available for minimum 08:00hrs on the day of parade| 4| T-Shirt| Bright Colored T-Shirts with â€Å"Toronto Sun Caribana† written on it. | 5| Waivers| Appropriate Volunteer Waiver Forms for legal department/requirements. | 6| Giveaways| Assorted Candies, Whistles and Necklace (Mardi Gras)| 7| Entertainers| Requirement of Live Band/DJ Radio/Pre-recorded Music| 8| Truck/Tractor/Trailer| Must have a safe and easy access place for keeping giveaways. 9| Volunteer Kits| Snack food including Granola Bars & Fruit , Sunscreen, Water Bottle. | PROJECT ORGANISATION CHART INITIAL DEFINED RISKS Bad Weather Delay in float preparation Driver doesn’t show up Fire on float Flat tire of float Less volunteers show up Delay in banners Less sponsors for contra advertisements Delay in FMC Permission Delay in t-shirts and wrong printing/wrong color used SCHEDULE MILESTONES Volunteer Management Entertainment & Materials Sign In of float by FMC Float design completion INITIAL WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE TRACEABILITY MATRIX PROJECT MANAGEMENT APPROACHThe project manager Samantha Morrison is a senior promotions coordinator at the Toronto Sun. She will be responsible for timely availability of the deliverables within a short span of time. Samantha Morrison has been recently hired as a senior promotions coordinator at the Toronto sun. Larissa Presso will be the authorizing the project and she is the ‘’ voice of the customer’’. Samantha Morrison will be dealing with design departmen t and the human resources department as well as the legal department to make the deliverables available. She will be taking permissions from the fmc representatives to bring in the float.The cost and time constraints are not flexible as the project has to be completed within 56 days and with $400 approved for the budget. The scope is flexible as the size of the float can be varied, the colour and size of the T-shirt, size of the banners and the number of advertisement to be put on the float. The budget for the project is 400$ but Samantha can get materials and services by the means of contra advertisement. The major project deliverables will be: The float, the truck driver, the T-shirts, the volunteer kits. Approved by the Project sponsor: PROJECT SPONSOR DATE:

Gattaca Essay Writing Notes

‘Gattaca presents a world destroyed by the pursuit of perfection. ‘ Do you agree? * What is the pursuit of perfection? * How is the world destroyed? * What is gattaca? 1) Everyone is the same there are no individuals – the people are sexless, no personality 2) The pursuit of perfection leaves people believing that their genetic make up is what lets them achieve their ambitions, they have low self esteem.People who fail to achieve perfectionism can suffer from a lot of mental pressure; also difficult to seek the much needed help from other people as people dislike to be seen as imperfect 3) Segregates the valids from the in-valids because valids are seen as perfection and in-valids, vermin. – lack of empathy and compassion. People who are not perfect are disadvantagd eg. Kids wanting to go to kinder Gattaca, the â€Å"not too distant† future world of Andrew Niccol, is a world that is destroyed by the pursuit of perfection due to the science of genetic selection.This is often resembled by the fact that there are no individuals, the beings in this movie are almost sexless, have a limited personality and behave in a uniform manner. It also leaves people believing that their genetic makeup is what allows them to achieve their ambitions, or in the case of Irene and Vincent, prevent them from achieving their life goals. Genetic selection also segregates the valids, people who have had their genetics chosen, and the in-valids, children from ‘faith births’ where their genetic selection was left up to fate.In today’s world, everyone is accepted as an individual and is nurtured; however in Gattaca, individuality almost ceases to exist. Society may be perceived as sexless and uniform, physically and emotionally. The people also lack personality and emotion; everyone acts the same, dresses the same and rarely show emotion. Throughout the movie whilst inside the world of Gattaca the true colours of various characters are r arely revealed.It isn’t until Vincent and Irene’s date that we see the real personality of both of these characters as they let loose and accept eachother for who they are despite the fact that both have imperfections, which often prevent them from being themselves and achieving their goals. The pursuit of perfection leaves the people of Gattaca believing that their genetic makeup is what can allow, or prevent them from achieving their ambitions. In this futuristic world, your blood is your resume â€Å"Blood has no nationality.As long as it has got what they’re looking for it’s the only passport you need†. As long as you have no imperfections and obtain the qualities that are required for a certain job you are almost guaranteed to get it. However in the case of Vincent, his genetics were determined by fate and the people around him always said that he would never be able to achieve his ambition of one day going into space because of his imperfecti ons as an in-valid. Early on he was told by one of the head’s of Gattaca â€Å"‘Look, the only way you will see the inside of a spaceship is if you’re cleaning it. . This quote only fuelled Vincent to strive until he won his battle. Vincent was strong and determined, even as a young child, and he went to massive lengths to ensure that he could live his life to the full, â€Å"So began the process of becoming Jerome† despite the fact that the pursuit of perfection caused his kind, in-valids, and valids to become strongly segregated and he suffered from a large amount of mental pressure. Genetic selection also causes a segregation issue in Gattaca.Valids, the people in society who have had their imperfections eliminated from their bodies, and In-valids, people who were born what is known today as â€Å"naturally† where their genetics are left up to fate. â€Å"We now have discrimination down to a science†. In-valids are treated as vermin and a re not accepted as a part of society. When the members of Gattaca are onto the fact that there is an in-valid working at the space station, * ‘We now have discrimination down to a science. ’ Intro must include:  Text/film title author/director, your response to the topic/contention (response to the question) Eg.In Niccol’s â€Å"not too distant† future world of Gattaca, your genetic make-up often makes it impossible for many to live their dreams. However, Vincent Freeman shows us that with determination and luck, ti is possible to achieve your ambitions. Other more genetically, able characters such as Anton, Irene and Jerome show that genes don’t always guarantee success. Para 1:  In the world of Gattaca, those with inferior genetic makeup generally find it close to impossible to control their destinies.Para 2:  Even those with superior genetic make-up sometimes struggle to achieve their goals in such a ‘perfect’ world. Eg. Irene, Anton, Jerome. (Lamars son) Para 3:  Genetic make-up can be overcome with determination and an element of luck. Eg. Vincent once he finds Jerome. Conclusion:  Sum up your contention – Avoid word for word re-stating it. Relate back to the question/essay topic and do not bring up new topics. *conclusion, not the same as contention, 40-50 words maximum *avoid saying â€Å"its impossible† and being too overpowering

Change Management The WritePass Journal

Change Management Introduction Change Management IntroductionConclusionReferencesRelated Introduction We cannot even endeavor to evaluate and comprehend change management models until we thoroughly understand the meaning of ‘change’.   Even though there is no general definition of change, we would correlate it with words such as alteration, transmutation, metamorphosis, evolution, rejuvenation and modification.  Ã‚   Hughes (2006) has used a generic definition which is â€Å"any alteration in the status quo†. Even far back as 500 BC Heraclius quoted that â€Å"change is constant† it occurs everywhere. It is a defining force in our life, and could be argued that a state of continuous change has almost become routine Luecke (2003). Change is extremely important it will not disappear nor dissipate; it has been studied and researched for many years by different organizations each with the same intention, which is to achieve the ‘perfect’ effective organizational change which will last (Todnem 2005). Some leaders become successful in implementin g change while others fail (Strickland, 1998).   Mourier (1998) reported that failure rates are as high as 60 percent; this is comparable to the 63 percent failure rate for all organizational change reported by Shaffer and Thompson (2002).  Ã‚   Therefore organizations will continue to search for the perfect change literature, which achieves the inevitable (Balogun and Hope Hailey, 2004).   Efficient management of changes at every level is crucial to the success of a Healthcare organization (Todnem 2005). They have been faced with extraordinary changes due to major developments in clinical practice and reorganization within the work place (Upton and Brookes 2000). Due to the various ways in which organizational changes can be managed, we are in need of a standardized model which can be applied to different scenarios. Due to the risks involved, the Healthcare industry needs such universally applicable, efficient change management models now more than ever. In this paper, we dis cuss various change management models and their feasibility in Healthcare. Three important change management theorists: William Bridges stressed on the importance of people in managing change in an organization and stated that the process of change should begin at a personal level (Campbell, 2008). This is vital when working within a staff team as resistance plays a role in the outcome and effectiveness of the change (Paton et al, 2008).   In his seminal work titled Managing transitions, organizational consultant Bridges accurately identifies change and transition as two distinct processes. He describes change as being situational and states that change, does not necessarily involve transition of people (Bridges, 2003).   However, he describes transition as a 3-phase process. The first phase is called Denial where people initially resist the change and express anger, shock and disappointment. The next phase is the Neutral Zone where the reactions of people are less strong and they are ready for the transition at a subconscious level. In the final phase is called the New Beginning, the initial scepticism makes way for hope and enthusiasm and people begin to accept the change with a positive outlook. Bridges (2003) recommends regular interaction and communication with the employees in order to achieve a smooth transition. Being given time to adjust and prepare for the change minimizes resistance (Bernhard and Walsh, 1995). Example given Without implementation Introduction of electronic risk assessment form No training, or enforcing staff of benefits, not   involving them in process Resulted in resistance from staff With implementation Introduction of electronic risk assessment form Excellent training,   staff involved able to understand necessity of new system Resulted in no resistance, letting go of old system, change went smoothly, clinical governance achieved Additionally, he proposes steps such as rewarding the employees contributing to the transition, implementing efficient temporary systems until the transition is complete and setting benchmarks with continuous improvement in order to achieve positive results from the transition. His recommendations have been instrumental in smoothing the process of transition across various Healthcare organizations. However, excluding very simple changes, most changes are multidimensional in nature (Campbell, 2008). Therefore, the change management model has to effectively reach all the impacted areas of the organization. Moreover, various people involved in the change process will have different suggestions and opinions about the cause and the possible results, and changes originating due to external factors such as the economy, recent technological developments are seldom predictable. In such cases, the recommendations of Bridges are not enough. When looking at theorist LaMarsh she proposed a structured change management approach.  LeMarsh (1995) argues that due to the inherent resistance of humans to change, several exceptional ideas and innovative technologies are not adopted and eventually end up being failures. In order to overcome this resistance, she recommends that the people involved in the change process be recognized first. R.Turner, (2003), would agree with this as he recognises the importance that people involved in the change process need to be hightlighted.   Buono (2010) observes that the directed change approach suggested by LaMarsh and R Turner (2003) can cause serious damages if used inappropriately. Due to the unpredictable reactions of the employees who resist the change, organisation members are left to handle emotions such as anger, sadness and loss. Next, since resistance originates from different reasons, (Hargie et al 2004), recommends gathering information about the reasons triggering the resist ance from every level. However, she also accurately predicts a temporary decline in the performance of the organization during the implementation of the change at the same time leading to confusion. Therefore, none of these approaches were sufficient by themselves in handling change management challenges in a healthcare organisation.   However, the most radical development in the field of change management came in the form of Kotter, a Harvard professor. In his best-selling book titled Leading Change (Kotter, 1996), he proposed an eight-step change process (shown below) which marked the beginning of a new era in managing changes. Kotter’s Model described in the box below Step 1  Ã‚   Establish a sense of Urgency Kotter (1996) states that successful implementation of a change requires that a majority of the management wholeheartedly support the idea.   This can be done by creating a sense of urgency, communicating openly, which will de activate resistance.   Once people support the change Kotter states, that this will come automatically. Step 2 Form a powerful collation In order to convince people that change is necessary, a management with strong leadership is necessary.   Build a team of believers by explaining the benefits and inevitability of the change.   Once this is done the change can be implemented.  Ã‚   (Kotter 1996) Step 3 Create a shared vision The best way to get people to support an idea is by convincing them so that their support is voluntary and not forced. Therefore, people who are responsible for implementing and executing the change need to be told about the reasons and the vision behind the change and how it can result in common good.   (Hughes 2006). Step 4 Communicate the Vision If people are to participate in the change process with enthusiasm, they need to be motivated and told about how the change can result in a great future for the organization. This is the most important step of all since this is when resistance will be encountered from various corners of the organization (Day 2007). Step 5  Ã‚   Empower the people to act Since resistance is expected to arise from different levels of the organization.   Change leaders must be prepared to identify the root of the concerns raised and answer them convincingly. This way, all obstacles can be removed in a systematic and effective manner The employees should be allowed to voice opinions and express their concerns. The concerns should not be suppressed since an organisation can grow only if it has motivated and dedicated employees (Day2007). Step 6   Plan for and Create Wins Creating motivation is difficult without showing people rewards, by bringing in a ward system you are rewarding them for good work, or victory.   This will inspire motivation, and gratitude towards the organisation.   Ensuring the change goes even smoother. Step 7   Change improvement check points Kotter (1996) states that â€Å"several changes end up being failures† When looking at change there must not be an end, it is a continual, constant process which should always be checked on, or adapted. To allow the change to last.   As it’s not just time that changes, everything else can. Step 8: Institutionalize new approaches Along with introducing the change, the change leaders must also ensure that the change is incorporated at all levels. It must become the default methodology for all segments of the organization and not just a one-off thing. In order to accomplish this, the change leaders need to clearly explain the employees the relationship between the recent achievements of the organization and the newly adopted practices. By doing this, any change can be sustained irrespective of the initial resistance it encountered. Among the three profound thinkers and approaches discussed above, Bridges and Kotter have been widely discussed due to the effectiveness and versatile of their approaches. Each approach has its share of merits and demerits. While Bridges observes change as a phenomenon, individual level, Kotter attributes an emotional and situational component to the process of change and proposes ways to manage these components in his eight-step approach. Bridges, in his approach, discusses the important steps and concepts involved in the change process (Campbell, 2008). When looking at the reorganisation of shift pattern, let us observe how the approaches of  Bridges, and Kotter would be implemented.   Bridges (2003) and Bernard and Walsh (1996) would gradually implement the change by ending the old shift pattern, ensuring the staff get use to the loss and then implement the new shift pattern. Whilst Kotter at this stage, would create a sense of urgency, reinforce the need for change and communication effectively to all members of the multi disciplinary teams who may cause resistance. The next stage, a major difference exists between the approaches of Bridges (2003) and LaMarsh (1995) and that of Kotter (1996). Bridges and LaMarsh continue to use a top-down, directed change approach where the involvement of the staff is minimal. However, Kotter suggests that the staff be completely involved in the transition. This requires gaining the confidence of the staff by communicating with them and convincing them about the effectiveness of the new shift change. Moreover, Kotter is less severe about the pre-set time line of the transition and stresses more on the successful completion of individual stages in order to ensure the success of the complete transition. Conclusion Healthcare organizations are complex (Day, 2007) due to several interrelated components which interact with each other in an unpredictable manner. Moreover, since the Healthcare industry depends on government funds, economic scenarios too can cause different changes. Therefore, it is important that they have a standard change management model in place so that they can efficiently manage changes as and when they occur. We have discussed the approaches of three profound thinkers who have contributed significantly to the field of change management. While each approach has its share of advantages and disadvantages, the eight-step approach proposed by John Kotter is more feasible in the present scenario.   This is due to the fact that the emotional involvement of employees is crucial for the successful management of a change. Kotters eight-step approach achieves this with the help of transparency and communication. The example of the implementation of shift change proves that in impleme nting a change successfully, Kotters diplomatic approach of allowing the employees and the patients to actively participate in the implementation and allowing them openly voice their opinion proves to be more effective in limiting the resistance.   In this direction, the dominant, bureaucratic approaches of Bridges and LaMarsh fail since the changes are implemented in terms of changing processes and systems. Since these approaches do not care about the effects on people involved, changes are literally forced on the patients and employees. References  ·Ã‚   Balogun, J. Hope, V., (2004) Exploring Strategic Change. 2nd Edition. Harlow:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  FT/Prentice Hall.  · Bridges, W., (2003) Managing Transitions: Making the Most of Change. Making the most of change.   2nd Edition. Cambridge: Da Capo Press.   Buono, A. F. Kerber, K. W., (2010) Creating a Sustainable Approach to Change: building organizational change capacity [Online]. Available from freepatentsonline.com/article/SAM-Advanced-Management-Journal/233607213.html   [Accessed 04 May 2011].  ·Ã‚   Campbell, R. J., (2008) Change Management in Health Care   doi: 10.1097/01.HCM.0000285028.79762.a1. CliffsNotes.com, (2011) Causes of Organizational Change [Online]. Available from   cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/topicArticleId-8944,articleId-8884.html [Accessed 4 May 2011]. Day., K. J., (2007) Supporting the emergence of a shared services organisation:   Managing change in complex health ICT projects. Gittins., N. Standish, S., (2010) Planning and implementing change in healthcare: a practical guide for managers and clinicians.[Online]. Available from hlsp.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=e5YB-ctXUXw%3Dtabid=1570.   [Accessed 10 May 2010]. Golden, B., (n.d.) Transforming Healthcare Organizations [Online]. Available from   longwoods.com/content/18490 [Accessed 4 May 2011]. Hiatt, J. Creasey T., (n.d.) The Definition and History of Change Management [Online]. Available from change-management.com/tutorial-definition-history.htm   [Accessed 4 May 2011]. Hughes, M., (2006) Change Management: A Critical Perspective. Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. ISBN: 1-84398-070-3. Iles,V., Sutherland,K., (2001) Organisational Change. A review for health care managers, professionals and researchers. London: National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisational Research and Development. Kotter,J. P.,(1996) Leading change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Kotter, J. P. Cohen, D., (2002) The Heart of Change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Doyle, M., (2002) Changing the way we change.   Journal of Human Resource Management. 12 (1), 3-16. Leyland, M., Hunter, D. Dietrich, J., (2009) Integrating Change Management into Clinical Health Information Technology Project Practice DOI: 10.1109/CONGRESS.2009.28 Mourier, P., (1998) How to Implement Organizational Change that Produces Results. Journal of Performance Improvement, 37(7), 19-29. Schaffer, P., Thompson, D., (2002) Transformational Leadership in the Context of Organizational Change. Journal of Organizational Change, 12(2), 80-88. Strickland, F., (1998) The Dynamics of Change. London: Routledge. Taylor, F. W., (1911) The Principles of Scientific Management, New York and London: Harper Brothers. Todnem, R., (2005) Organizational Change Management: A Critical Review. Journal of Change Management, 5(4). Warrilow, S., ( 2009) John Kotter’s Guiding Principles for Leading Change [Online].   Available from strategies-for-managing-change.com/john-kotter.html  Ã‚   [Accessed 4 May 2011].

College Application Essay

College Application Essay A college application essay is a subtype of a reflective essay. A  college application essay  is a subtype of a reflective essay. It is similar to reflective essays because it requires its author (i.e. the applicant) to tell the application committee about himself or   herself, describe his or her inner world, tell how a significant person or an event has impacted him or her to contributed to his growth as a personality – and do it all within 500 words or less. The five hundred words of a college application essay can make a difference in the decision process, so this is a task that has to be done right the first time. Your story should sound natural while being convincing. If you are serious, write in a serious tone; if you have a good sense of humor, insert a joke here and there – the main point is that your college application essay should sound neither too grave nor too funny. Top 3 Tips on How to Write a College Application Essay   TIP 1. Use of quotes and wise sayings is generally discouraged. Speak in your words, not someone else’s.   TIP 2. Don’t go too deep into philosophy, make your essay simple and easy to understand. TIP 3. Keep it simple. Try to use simple sentences; avoid making them too verbose and unclear. The general rule of thumb is – in your college application essay you should: write naturally; explain the process of your personal growth; tell how an event or a person has affected and changed you; how you can contribute to the teaching institution. At many competitive colleges, the college application essay is a very important part of the application process. The college application essay gives the application committee a chance to know the applicant a little better and gets insight that may not be available elsewhere on the application. COLLEGE ESSAY Yet understandably, high school students frequently have a lot of questions about the college application essay. How should I get started? What should I write about? What are colleges looking for? In what format or style should I write? We have got resources to help you answer all of those questions and to guide you through the process of putting together a great college application essay. 7 Steps You Should Take  to Write a Stunning Essay Step 1.  Be prepared Before you start the essay-writing process, learn everything you can about the college application essay. Step 2. If possible, meet with someone Schedule a meeting with your guidance counselor, if you have one, to talk about what essays you will need to write and how to approach them strategically. If you do not have a counselor, or he or she is unlikely to help with the essays, you should look at some college application (including the common application) to give yourself an idea of what you are up against. If you are thinking about hiring an outside application consultant or essay assistant, we suggest you order an essay with us, so that you can also get help with the brainstorming process. Step 3. Find a topic This is arguably the most important part of the essay-writing process. Your topic selection will say a lot about what is important to you  and will determine how meaningful, interesting, impressive, and intimate your essay can be. Step 4. Think about essay planning and essay structure Once you have got a topic, you need to decide how you are going to set up your college essay. Some of this may come as you write, but it makes sense to have a plan before you start writing. Step 5. Write your first draft Once you are ready to write and understand how you are going to approach your college application essay, the next step is to actually write. Let your creativity run the show, but do not forget about the basic principles of good writing. Put a draft down on paper and see how you do. If you are happy with it, and you have time to spare, you should probably put your college application essay in a drawer for a while and forget about it. This will help you have a fresh perspective when you are ready to revise and edit. Step 6. Revise and edit However good your first draft may have been, it should get a lot better with some serious revision. Pay attention to grammar, usage, and punctuation, of course, but do not forget to look at the content and other, more substantive, issues. If anything in your college application essay does not strike you as great, work on it until it is! Step 7.  Get some essay writing help! Whether or not you are going to use a guidance counselor or outside counseling service, you should get someone to look over your essays preferably someone who is a great writer and has some experience with the application process.

English literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

English literature - Essay Example both Oedipus from Oedipus the King by Sophocles and the character’s daughter Antigone from Antigone by Jean Anouilh are each protagonists driven by the passion of pride and how this largely contributes to their own downfall. The opening actions of both tragedies illustrate this pride. In Oedipus the King, Oedipus is approached by plague-stricken masses asking help from him. When he sees his people gathered around him like a god, his response to them is â€Å"What means this reek of incense everywhere, / From others, and am hither come, myself, / I Oedipus, your world-renowned king†1. Although the people of Oedipus’ day did turn to their kings to cure all societal ills, Oedipus here is taking on the persona of a god. His pride in his role is evident in the words he speaks. His last line, referring to himself as the â€Å"world-renowned king† helps to underscore that streak of pride. It is also obvious, with a touch of foreshadowing, that he is not secure in his position by his tendency to repeat his greatness. Personal experience has shown when people insist on being known by their title, they are not overly secure about its authority. Antigone, on the other hand, enters the scene in a rage after learning that the new king, Creon, has forbidden to allow one of her brothers to be buried. She decides to go against the king’s orders, arguing that burying the dead is the right thing to do. Her pride in family makes it impossible for her to drop the issue. It is clear she’s outraged that the king would tell her what to do when she is talking to her sister at the very beginning of the play: â€Å"That’s what people say the noble Creon / has announced to you and me – I mean to me†2 . The repetition of â€Å"I mean to me† indicates she cannot believe someone else would tell her what to do, showing excessive pride in her own judgment. As her sister reminds her, women do not have any power in their culture, but Antigone does not listen. In the end, it